Which transportation e-commerce innovation first introduced dynamic pricing (surge pricing) at scale, fundamentally changing how consumers pay for on-demand rides?

The transportation industry has been dramatically transformed by e-commerce platforms that specialize in moving people and goods. These platforms have disrupted traditional models and created new customer journeys. This poll tests your knowledge about a significant innovation in transportation e-commerce that changed how consumers interact with transportation services worldwide.

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Uber's surge pricing algorithm introduced in 2011
Lyft's Prime Time pricing launched in 2013
Didi Chuxing's demand-based fare system from 2015
Grab's dynamic pricing model implemented in 2014