Which ancient civilization is credited with inventing the first widespread use of merchant seals as brand identifiers for retail goods?

Before modern logos and slogans, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated methods of product differentiation and brand recognition. From stamped pottery to distinctive trade symbols, these early forms of branding helped merchants establish trust and reputation in bustling marketplaces from Rome to Chang'an. Test your knowledge about how ancient merchants built their commercial identities in a world before mass media!

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Mesopotamian civilization (specifically Sumerians), who stamped clay tablets with cylinder seals to authenticate goods around 3500 BCE
Ancient Egyptians, who marked papyrus packaging with hieroglyphic symbols indicating workshop origins around 3000 BCE
Ancient Romans, who developed the first merchant guild stamps for amphora contents around 500 BCE
Han Dynasty China, whose merchants pioneered the use of silk-wrapped packaging with distinctive family crests around 200 BCE