Which mathematical modeling technique, originally popularized in baseball analytics, revolutionized retail customer segmentation and predictive purchasing analysis in the early 2010s?

In the world of retail, mathematical modeling and data analysis have transformed how companies understand customer behavior and develop marketing strategies. One groundbreaking approach revolutionized how retailers segment customers and predict purchasing patterns. This analytical method, borrowed from another industry, changed the retail landscape forever. Test your knowledge about this mathematical marketing innovation that bridged the gap between abstract algorithms and practical retail applications.

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Bayesian inference networks
Monte Carlo simulations
Sabermetrics-inspired predictive analytics
Markov chain optimization