Which ancient civilization developed the first widespread system of 'product seals' called cartouches that merchants used to guarantee authenticity of goods across Mediterranean trade?

Before modern logos and trademarks, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated systems of visual recognition for their products and institutions. Royal seals, temple markings, and artisan signatures served as early forms of brand recognition, helping consumers identify authentic goods and official products. Test your knowledge about how ancient societies marked and distinguished their commercial offerings in marketplaces spanning from Rome to China.

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Ancient Egypt, where royal cartouches evolved into merchant marks by 1500 BCE
Ancient Greece, where amphora producers stamped vessels with distinctive symbols
Mesopotamia, where cylinder seals were used to mark official trade goods
Phoenicia, where purple-dyed products carried merchant emblems