Which government first required QR codes on all official documents and government-issued product packaging to enable citizens to verify authenticity and access transparency data?

In recent years, governments worldwide have implemented new regulations requiring digital transparency in product packaging. These initiatives aim to increase citizen access to information, enhance government accountability, and promote informed consumer choices. This poll tests your knowledge about a groundbreaking digital packaging technology that was first mandated by a national government for transparency purposes.

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Estonia, as part of its e-Estonia digital society initiative in 2014
Singapore, through its Smart Nation Product Authentication Program in 2016
South Korea, with its Digital Transparency in Governance Act of 2015
United Arab Emirates, via the Government Blockchain Verification System of 2017