What was the original meaning of the term 'Black Friday' before it became associated with post-Thanksgiving shopping?

Black Friday has become a global shopping phenomenon that kicks off the holiday shopping season. But how well do you know the history behind this retail juggernaut? Test your knowledge about the origins of this shopping festival that transformed from a local Philadelphia term to a worldwide retail event that generates billions in sales and shapes consumer behavior across the globe.

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A stock market crash in 1869 when gold prices plummeted
The day retail stores' accounting ledgers went from 'red' (loss) to 'black' (profit)
A marketing campaign created by Macy's in the 1930s
The day the first major shopping mall opened in America in 1952