Which pioneering retail analytics innovation from the 1980s first allowed major supermarkets to systematically analyze customer purchasing patterns?

The evolution of retail analytics has transformed how businesses understand consumer behavior. Before sophisticated algorithms and AI, innovative retail pioneers used simpler yet groundbreaking methods to track customer preferences and optimize store layouts. This trivia question explores a pivotal moment in retail analytics history that set the foundation for today's sophisticated recommendation systems and customer experience optimization strategies.

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Introduction of electronic point-of-sale (EPOS) systems linked to customer loyalty cards
Implementation of RFID tracking on shopping carts to monitor in-store movement patterns
Deployment of ceiling-mounted cameras with early computer vision to create store heat maps
Distribution of customer satisfaction survey terminals at store exits with instant data processing