Which military-developed technology revolutionized retail inventory management and product tracking worldwide after being adapted for commercial use in the 1970s?

Throughout history, military innovations have often transitioned into commercial products and retail successes. From GPS technology to the internet itself, military R&D has shaped consumer markets in profound ways. This poll tests your knowledge about a fascinating aspect of product development that originated from military needs but transformed retail markets worldwide.

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Barcode/UPC system (originally developed by the US Department of Defense for tracking military supplies)
Microwave oven technology (developed from WWII radar research)
Velcro fasteners (designed for NASA astronaut spacesuits)
Walkie-talkie communication (adapted from battlefield radio technology)