Which ancient civilization invented the first known customer loyalty program, using clay tokens that customers could collect and later exchange for discounts?

The marketplaces of ancient civilizations were sophisticated centers of commerce with innovative retail strategies that have influenced modern business practices. From the agoras of Greece to the forums of Rome and the bazaars of Mesopotamia, these early retail environments developed fascinating approaches to product presentation, customer loyalty, and brand recognition that still resonate today. Test your knowledge about how ancient civilizations approached retail and commerce!

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Ancient Egyptians, who offered papyrus loyalty scrolls to regular customers of royal marketplaces
Ancient Sumerians, who created clay tokens called 'tesubu' that regular customers would receive with purchases at temples and markets
Ancient Romans, who distributed metal 'fidelitas coins' to patrician customers at the Forum markets
Ancient Chinese merchants of the Han Dynasty, who kept bamboo loyalty records for regular silk road traders