Which ancient civilization pioneered the use of 'brand marks' on products as a form of quality assurance and producer identification?

Long before digital billboards and social media, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated marketing strategies to promote their goods and establish their commercial identities. From the marketplaces of Mesopotamia to the trade routes of the Silk Road, merchants and artisans employed various techniques to distinguish their products. This trivia explores how ancient peoples approached brand identity and consumer psychology in ways that still influence modern marketing practices.

This is a live public trivia poll on AIPolls.Net. Vote and see real-time results.

Ancient Egyptians, who marked pottery with hieroglyphic symbols indicating workshop origin and royal approval
Ancient Romans, who stamped pottery, bricks, and goods with maker's marks called 'sigillum' to indicate origin and quality
Ancient Chinese, who used imperial seals on porcelain to designate items worthy of export via the Silk Road
Ancient Mayans, who carved distinctive glyphs on trade goods to identify the city-state of production