Which pricing strategy innovation fundamentally changed the pharmaceutical market in the 1990s?

The pharmaceutical industry has employed various pricing strategies over the decades to balance profitability, research investment, and patient access. From value-based pricing to differential pricing across markets, these approaches have shaped healthcare economics worldwide. This trivia question focuses on a significant pricing strategy shift that transformed how prescription medications are marketed and sold. Test your knowledge about this important development in medical product pricing!

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Tiered formulary pricing, where insurance companies created multiple cost levels for medications based on preferred status
Direct-to-wholesaler pricing, eliminating retail pharmacy markup for prescription medications
First-dose-free pricing, where pharmaceutical companies provided the initial prescription at no cost
Subscription-based medication access, where patients paid monthly fees for unlimited prescription fulfillment