Which innovative pricing strategy did Duolingo pioneer in the language learning market that revolutionized the industry's approach to monetization?

The language technology industry has evolved dramatically in recent years, with various pricing models emerging to monetize translation services, language learning apps, and AI-powered linguistic tools. This pricing strategy trivia tests your knowledge about how companies in the language and linguistics sector have innovated their revenue models to balance accessibility with profitability.

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Freemium model with ad support, where core learning is free but advanced features require payment
Subscription tiers based on language difficulty, with harder languages like Mandarin costing more than Spanish or French
Pay-per-lesson model where users only purchase individual language units they want to learn
Academic licensing model where universities pay bulk rates for student access