In retail store layout psychology, what is the 'Gruen Transfer' named after architect Victor Gruen?

Store layouts are carefully engineered to influence consumer behavior and maximize sales. From the strategic placement of essential items to the calculated width of aisles, every element serves a purpose. This trivia question tests your knowledge about a specific psychological tactic used in retail layout design that has become standard practice across the industry. How familiar are you with the subtle ways stores guide your shopping journey?

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The moment when a consumer shifts from purposeful shopping to impulse buying due to the store's disorienting layout design
The calculated distance between high-margin items that maximizes exposure as customers navigate through a store
The psychological effect of placing essential items at the back of the store to increase exposure to other merchandise
The optimal width of shopping aisles that prevents the 'butt-brush effect' and encourages longer browsing time