Which retail big data technique revolutionized the way astronomers process images from the James Webb Space Telescope?

The astronomy industry has been revolutionized by retail-inspired big data techniques. Modern observatories now manage petabytes of stellar data using advanced algorithms originally developed for consumer behavior tracking. Test your knowledge about how retail big data practices have transformed how we observe and understand the universe. Are you a casual stargazer or a data-driven astronomy expert?

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Collaborative filtering algorithms originally developed for Netflix recommendations
Bayesian belief networks first used in Amazon's inventory prediction systems
Anomaly detection systems adapted from credit card fraud prevention
Customer segmentation clustering methods from Target's marketing campaigns