Which ancient civilization pioneered the concept of 'product branding' by requiring merchants to stamp or mark their goods with distinctive symbols that indicated their origin and quality?

Before modern logos and catchy slogans, ancient civilizations had their own sophisticated methods of product branding and marketing. From distinctive pottery marks to royal seals, the foundations of modern retail branding stretch back thousands of years. This poll explores how ancient merchants distinguished their goods in the earliest marketplaces of human history.

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Ancient Mesopotamia, where Babylonian merchants used cylinder seals to mark clay containers of goods as authentic
Ancient Egypt, where pharaohs required royal cartouches on all premium goods sold in markets
Ancient China, where Han Dynasty silk producers used unique dye patterns to identify their workshops
Ancient Greece, where Athenian pottery makers signed their work with distinctive maker's marks