Which pioneering architect is credited with designing the first modern enclosed shopping mall in the United States, establishing a new architectural paradigm for retail spaces?

The shopping mall revolutionized retail architecture by creating enclosed, climate-controlled environments where multiple stores could coexist. This innovation fundamentally changed how retail spaces were designed and experienced by consumers. Test your knowledge about this transformative architectural retail concept that shaped commercial design for generations.

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Victor Gruen, who designed Southdale Center in Edina, Minnesota (1956)
Frank Lloyd Wright, who designed Market Square in Lake Forest, Illinois (1949)
I.M. Pei, who designed Roosevelt Field Mall in Garden City, New York (1962)
John Graham Jr., who designed Northgate Mall in Seattle, Washington (1950)