Which mathematical modeling technique revolutionized retail by allowing predictive analysis of customer purchase patterns, leading to the famous 'Target knows you're pregnant before you tell anyone' case study?

The retail industry has been transformed by advanced mathematical models and machine learning algorithms. These technologies have revolutionized how retailers analyze customer behavior, optimize inventory, and personalize marketing strategies. This poll tests your knowledge about a groundbreaking mathematical approach that changed retail analytics and led to significant competitive advantages for early adopters.

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Markov Decision Processes
Bayesian Probability Networks
Support Vector Machines
Monte Carlo Simulations