Which pioneering algorithm, developed by mathematicians, revolutionized retail market basket analysis and is now fundamental to recommendation systems?

The intersection of mathematics and retail analytics has revolutionized how businesses understand customer behavior and optimize operations. Advanced algorithms have transformed data collection and analysis, enabling retailers to make more informed decisions. This trivia question focuses on a groundbreaking mathematical approach that changed retail analytics forever. Test your knowledge about the mathematical foundations of modern retail data science!

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Apriori Algorithm (1994)
PageRank Algorithm (1998)
K-means Clustering (1967)
Random Forest (2001)