Which retail innovation first allowed customers to shop from any geographic location without visiting a physical store?

In today's globally connected retail landscape, geography plays a crucial role in how products are marketed, displayed, and sold. One revolutionary innovation changed how people around the world shop by completely eliminating the need to physically visit stores. This innovation transformed retail accessibility across geographic boundaries and created an entirely new shopping paradigm. Test your knowledge about this pivotal moment in retail history!

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Mail-order catalogs (first popularized by Montgomery Ward in 1872)
Television shopping networks (launched with Home Shopping Network in 1982)
Phone-based retail ordering (popularized by Sears in the 1950s)
Fax-based ordering systems (introduced by JCPenney in 1964)