Which supply chain innovation has most significantly reduced costs for astronomical telescope manufacturers in the past decade?

The astronomy industry has evolved dramatically with commercial space ventures becoming increasingly prominent. Beyond scientific discovery, astronomy has become a multi-billion dollar sector encompassing everything from satellite technology to space tourism. This trivia question explores how astronomical equipment manufacturers have adapted their supply chain strategies to meet the unique challenges of producing precision instruments for space exploration.

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Additive manufacturing (3D printing) of precision optical components
Outsourcing all manufacturing to specialized facilities in Southeast Asia
Vertical integration of the entire production process under one company
Eliminating distributors in favor of direct-to-consumer sales models