Which innovative market research technique first allowed retailers to analyze customer movement patterns within stores using geographic heat mapping?

In the world of geography-based retail, understanding local markets is crucial for success. Geographic market research helps retailers identify optimal locations, understand regional consumer preferences, and develop targeted marketing strategies. Test your knowledge about how geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analytics have transformed modern retail market research techniques!

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RFID tracking technology (2004)
In-store WiFi triangulation (2010)
Bluetooth beacon tracking (2013)
Computer vision with overhead cameras (2008)