Which 18th-century retail innovation is widely considered the first structured customer loyalty program in history?

Before digital point-of-sale systems and smartphone apps, customer loyalty programs had humble beginnings that shaped modern retail. This trivia question explores a pivotal moment in retail history when merchants first began systematically rewarding repeat customers—a practice that would eventually evolve into the sophisticated loyalty programs we know today. Test your knowledge about the historical roots of customer retention strategies!

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American Sperry & Hutchinson's S&H Green Stamps (1896), where customers collected stamps redeemable for merchandise
German merchants' Kupfernickel tokens (1793), which regular customers collected for future purchases
British shopkeepers' copper token coins (1790s), given to customers as premium rewards for purchases
French boulangeries' carte de fidélité (1784), paper cards stamped for each bread purchase with the tenth loaf free