Which retail innovation first allowed game developers to offer post-launch downloadable content (DLC) directly to consumers as a mainstream retail strategy?

In the competitive gaming industry, retail strategy can make or break a game's success. From distribution channels to special editions, the way games are brought to market has evolved dramatically over the years. This poll tests your knowledge of a significant retail innovation that transformed how games are sold and distributed. Can you identify the correct retail strategy that changed the gaming landscape?

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Digital storefronts with content delivery networks (CDNs) like Steam (2003) and Xbox Live Marketplace (2005)
Pre-order bonus system with retailer-specific exclusive content (1990s)
Subscription-based game access models like EA Access (2014)
Free-to-play with microtransactions model pioneered by mobile games (2008-2010)