Which digital marketing innovation first allowed transportation companies to implement dynamic pricing based on real-time demand and customer behavior?

The transportation industry has undergone significant digital transformation in recent years, particularly in how companies market their services to customers. From ride-sharing apps to airline booking platforms, digital marketing strategies have revolutionized how transportation companies engage with customers. Test your knowledge about a pivotal digital marketing innovation that changed the transportation industry forever!

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Big data analytics platforms that processed historical pricing patterns (2005)
Machine learning algorithms that predicted demand surges (2011)
Social media sentiment analysis tools for price adjustment (2009)
IoT-enabled vehicle tracking systems with integrated pricing modules (2014)