Which ancient civilization first used 'cartouches' (oval symbols containing hieroglyphic names) that later inspired merchant marks and are considered among the earliest forms of brand identity in commercial trading?

While we think of branding as a modern concept, ancient civilizations had their own version of commercial 'logos' and symbols to distinguish goods and services. From potter's marks in Mesopotamia to merchant seals in ancient Rome, visual identity has ancient roots. This trivia explores how one ancient civilization pioneered early concepts of commercial branding through distinctive symbols that would influence commerce for centuries to come.

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Ancient Egypt
Phoenicia
Sumer
Ancient Greece