Which automotive product recall is considered the largest and most expensive in history, involving defective airbag inflators that could explode and send shrapnel into passengers?

Product recalls in the transportation industry have shaped safety regulations and consumer trust worldwide. Major recalls often lead to industry-wide changes in design, manufacturing processes, and safety standards. This trivia question explores one of the most significant and costly automotive recalls in history - a case study in how product quality issues can impact an entire industry and change how manufacturers approach safety.

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Takata airbag recall (affecting over 100 million vehicles across multiple manufacturers)
Toyota unintended acceleration recall (affecting approximately 9 million vehicles in 2009-2010)
General Motors ignition switch recall (affecting about 30 million vehicles in 2014)
Volkswagen emissions scandal recall (affecting approximately 11 million diesel vehicles worldwide)