Which architectural project is credited with coining the term 'Bilbao Effect,' referring to how iconic architecture can transform a city's brand and economy?

The relationship between iconic architecture and brand value has transformed cities worldwide. When distinctive buildings become synonymous with their locations, they create powerful brand associations that transcend their physical presence. This phenomenon—where architecture itself becomes a marketing tool and cultural symbol—has reshaped how cities compete for tourism, investment, and global recognition. Test your knowledge about this fascinating intersection of architecture and branding!

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Frank Gehry's Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain
Zaha Hadid's Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku, Azerbaijan
Norman Foster's 30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin) in London, UK
Santiago Calatrava's City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, Spain