Which retail technology innovation, developed by Mesopotamian merchants around 3500 BCE, revolutionized commerce by allowing complex transactions to be recorded and verified?

Before modern shopping malls and e-commerce platforms, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated retail systems that laid the foundation for today's commerce. From bustling Roman markets to elaborate Egyptian bazaars, retail history stretches back thousands of years. This trivia question explores how ancient Mesopotamian merchants revolutionized retail technology with an innovation that transformed commerce throughout the ancient world.

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Written receipts on clay tablets
Standardized gold coinage with royal insignias
Merchant guild certification stamps
Papyrus scrolls with inventory ledgers