Which mathematical retail innovation was first developed by mathematician John Little in the 1960s and is now fundamental to store layout design and customer flow analysis?

The intersection of mathematics and retail has led to groundbreaking innovations that transformed how stores operate. From inventory optimization algorithms to predictive analytics, mathematical principles underpin modern retail operations. This trivia question explores a notable historical milestone in retail mathematics that changed how customers experience shopping. Test your knowledge about the mathematical innovations that shaped modern retail experiences!

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Little's Law (queuing theory application that relates average customer wait time, arrival rate, and service time)
Bayesian Preference Modeling (algorithmic approach to predicting consumer product preferences)
Geometric Store Mapping (mathematical model for optimal product placement based on geometric principles)
Markov Chain Shopping Analysis (probability-based modeling of customer movement patterns)