What was the original meaning of the term 'Black Friday' before it became associated with post-Thanksgiving shopping?

Black Friday has become a global shopping phenomenon that kicks off the holiday retail season. But its origins and evolution tell a fascinating story about retail strategy, consumer behavior, and economic impact. This trivia question tests your knowledge about one of the most significant retail events that has transformed shopping patterns worldwide and continues to evolve in the digital age.

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The day retailers' financial records went from 'red' (loss) to 'black' (profit)
A 1869 financial crisis caused by gold market manipulation
A marketing campaign created by department stores in the 1950s
The day factory workers called in sick after Thanksgiving to extend their holiday