Which linguistic rebranding strategy helped Duolingo dramatically increase its user engagement by 40% in 2019?

In the world of language and linguistics, product marketing often relies on clever wordsmithing to position brands effectively. Companies invest significantly in linguistic research to create brand names, slogans, and marketing materials that resonate across cultures and languages. This poll tests your knowledge about a fascinating case study in linguistic product positioning that changed an entire industry's approach to marketing.

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Implementing 'streak freezes' and gamification elements with vocabulary borrowed from gaming psychology
Rebranding their lessons as 'immersion experiences' using neurolinguistic programming terminology
Introducing 'linguistic passports' that certified language proficiency using diplomatic terminology
Adopting 'phonemic achievement levels' based on academic linguistic classification systems