Which retail inventory management system, developed in the 1970s, was first adopted by the U.S. Department of Defense to revolutionize military procurement before becoming standard in civilian retail?

Throughout history, military success has been deeply influenced by logistics and supply chain management—essentially retail operations on a massive scale. From Napoleon's famous quote that 'an army marches on its stomach' to modern precision logistics systems, the evolution of military retail operations has shaped battlefield outcomes. This trivia question explores a pivotal retail innovation that transformed modern military procurement and supply management in the post-WWII era.

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Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode system
Material Requirements Planning (MRP)
Just-In-Time (JIT) inventory model
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)