Which mathematical optimization technique is specifically designed to help retailers determine optimal markdown timing and depth when liquidating seasonal inventory?

In today's retail landscape, mathematical models drive sophisticated pricing strategies that balance profitability with market competitiveness. From dynamic pricing algorithms to price elasticity formulas, mathematics provides retailers with powerful tools to optimize revenue. This poll tests your knowledge about an advanced mathematical concept used in modern retail pricing optimization that separates casual observers from pricing analytics professionals.

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Markov Decision Process (MDP) modeling
Simplex algorithm linear programming
Monte Carlo simulation
Bayesian inference networks