Which of these retail innovations was first patented in 1952 but not commercially viable until the 1970s, eventually becoming universal in retail and transforming inventory management?

In the history of retail, certain innovations have dramatically transformed how consumers shop and how businesses operate. One such invention revolutionized inventory management, reduced theft, and enabled self-checkout systems across the world. This technology, first implemented commercially in the 1970s but conceptualized much earlier, fundamentally changed the retail landscape. Test your knowledge of this pivotal retail innovation!

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RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) tags
Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode
Electronic cash registers with receipt printers
Automated inventory management software