Which ancient civilization created the first known systematic retail inventory tracking system using clay tokens inside sealed clay envelopes, considered a precursor to modern retail analytics?

Before modern retail analytics, ancient civilizations had sophisticated methods for tracking trade, inventory, and consumer preferences. From clay tablets to papyrus scrolls, these early data collection systems laid the foundation for today's retail intelligence. This poll explores how ancient merchants pioneered retail analytics techniques that would be recognizable to modern product managers and retail analysts.

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Mesopotamians (circa 4000 BCE)
Ancient Egyptians (circa 3000 BCE)
Indus Valley traders (circa 2600 BCE)
Phoenician merchants (circa 1500 BCE)