Which of these revolutionary retail technologies was invented first, fundamentally changing how consumers shop?

The retail landscape has been transformed by numerous technological innovations throughout history. Some inventions have completely revolutionized how consumers interact with products and brands, creating entirely new shopping paradigms. This poll tests your knowledge about a pivotal retail technology invention that fundamentally changed consumer behavior and shopping patterns worldwide. Do you know which groundbreaking retail innovation came first and set the stage for modern commerce?

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The barcode scanner (invented by Norman Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver in 1952, first used commercially in 1974)
The electronic point-of-sale system (EPOS) with integrated inventory tracking (commercially widespread in the late 1970s)
The credit card magnetic stripe for electronic payments (invented by IBM in 1969)
The anti-theft electronic article surveillance tag (first patented in 1966 by Arthur Minasy)