Which ancient civilization first developed the covered shopping arcade with specialized merchant zones, creating the world's first planned retail customer journey experience?

The ancient world was home to sophisticated marketplace designs and retail experiences that laid the foundation for modern commerce. From the agoras of Greece to the forums of Rome and the bazaars of Mesopotamia, ancient civilizations developed innovative retail spaces that shaped customer journeys and experiences. This trivia question explores a groundbreaking retail innovation from antiquity that revolutionized the shopping experience and influenced marketplace design for millennia to come.

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The Roman Empire with their multi-story Trajan's Market complex
The Egyptians with their temple-adjacent marketplace districts
The Phoenicians with their harbor-front commercial complexes
The Babylonians with their ziggurat-based market halls