Which food industry development strategy first popularized the 'ghost kitchen' concept that revolutionized food delivery during the 2010s?

The food industry has been transformed by innovative retail product development strategies in recent years. One of the most significant trends has been the emergence of 'ghost kitchens' - food preparation facilities set up specifically for delivery-only meals. This poll tests your knowledge about this revolutionary concept that has changed how restaurants develop and deliver products in the digital age.

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Cloud kitchens pioneered by delivery apps like Uber Eats and DoorDash
Virtual restaurant extensions created by established brick-and-mortar chains
Meal kit subscription services expanding into ready-made meals
Automated cooking facilities developed by robotics companies