Which ancient civilization pioneered the use of merchant seals as an early form of brand identity, using distinctive cylinder seals to mark clay containers of goods and authenticate trade documents?

Before modern logos and corporate identities, ancient civilizations had their own sophisticated methods of brand identification. Craftsmen, merchants, and ruling powers all needed ways to distinguish their products from others. This trivia question explores how ancient civilizations approached what we now call 'brand identity' through distinctive markings, seals, and symbols that helped establish authenticity, origin, and quality for consumers across ancient trade networks.

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Mesopotamians (Sumerians and Babylonians)
Ancient Egyptians
Indus Valley Civilization
Ancient Greeks