Which architectural project's marketing success inspired the term 'The Bilbao Effect' in reference to architecture's power to economically transform cities?

In the world of architecture, certain buildings transcend their physical structure to become global marketing phenomena. These architectural icons not only redefine urban landscapes but can transform the economic fortune of entire cities. This phenomenon, where a singular architectural landmark drives tourism, investment, and revitalization, has become a deliberate strategy for many cities. Test your knowledge about one of the most famous examples of architecture as a marketing catalyst.

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Frank Gehry's Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain
Zaha Hadid's Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku, Azerbaijan
Norman Foster's 30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin) in London, UK
Santiago Calatrava's City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, Spain