Which innovative marketing strategy did NASA employ to rebuild the Hubble Space Telescope's brand image after fixing its flawed mirror in 1993?

The Hubble Space Telescope, launched in 1990, initially faced a major PR crisis when its primary mirror was found to be flawed, producing blurry images. NASA had to implement an extraordinary marketing and brand rehabilitation strategy after the 1993 servicing mission fixed the issue. This poll tests your knowledge about one of the most successful brand repositioning campaigns in the astronomy industry, which transformed a potential failure into an iconic scientific instrument beloved by the public.

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Released spectacular cosmic images to the public regularly, creating the now-famous 'Hubble Deep Field' and making space accessible through visual storytelling
Launched a global advertising campaign featuring celebrity astronomers as brand ambassadors
Rebranded the telescope with a new name and logo to distance it from initial negative press coverage
Created a subscription service where universities and the public could pay for exclusive first access to new Hubble images