Which mathematical technique formed the foundation of Netflix's original recommendation algorithm that won the $1 million Netflix Prize in 2009?

Recommendation systems are everywhere in retail, suggesting products you might like based on your behavior and preferences. But behind these powerful tools lies sophisticated mathematics. This trivia question explores one of the fundamental mathematical techniques that revolutionized how recommendation systems work in the modern retail landscape. Test your knowledge of the mathematical foundations that power the personalized shopping experiences we encounter every day.

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Matrix Factorization
Naive Bayes Classification
Random Forest Regression
K-means Clustering