Which distinctive brand recognition technique did Phoenician merchants employ in Mediterranean markets to distinguish their premium products from competitors?

The Phoenicians (1500-300 BCE) were not just master sailors and creators of the alphabet; they were also among history's greatest merchants and retailers. Their trading networks spanned the Mediterranean, creating some of the ancient world's first sophisticated retail systems. This trivia question explores how these ancient retailers used brand recognition in their commercial enterprises—a practice that would feel familiar to modern retail marketers.

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Royal purple dye marks, an expensive color derived from murex snails that became synonymous with Phoenician quality goods
Ceramic tokens featuring the merchant's family crest, which customers could redeem for discounts on future purchases
Hieroglyphic certificates of authenticity, written on papyrus and attached to luxury items
Personalized clay seals impressed with the image of Melqart, their patron deity of commerce