Which invention, patented in 1952 but first used commercially in retail in 1974, revolutionized supply chain management by allowing automated product identification?

The retail landscape has been transformed by numerous technological innovations throughout history. Some discoveries and inventions have fundamentally changed how consumers shop and how retailers operate their supply chains. This trivia question focuses on a pivotal technological advancement that revolutionized inventory management and product tracking across the global retail industry.

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Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode
Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) protocol
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)