Which ancient civilization pioneered an early version of 'product branding' by stamping distinctive maker's marks on pottery and goods as a quality guarantee?

Before modern retail, ancient civilizations had sophisticated commercial systems that showcased remarkable innovations. From the complex trade networks of Mesopotamia to the bustling markets of Rome, these early civilizations developed methods and technologies that laid the foundation for today's retail world. This trivia tests your knowledge about an innovative ancient retail practice that might surprise you with its similarity to modern concepts.

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Ancient Rome, with official state seals (signum) on approved merchant goods
Ancient Greece, with potter signatures and distinctive workshop emblems
Ancient Egypt, with royal cartouches indicating pharaonic approval
Mesopotamia, with cylinder seals used by merchants to identify their wares