Which military technology development is widely credited as the precursor to modern retail barcode and RFID inventory tracking systems?

The modern battlefield has been transformed by advanced technologies that parallel innovations in retail. From supply chain logistics to inventory management systems, military procurement has adopted many practices from commercial retail. This trivia question explores how a specific military technology advancement changed both warfare and influenced today's retail product tracking systems.

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WWII radar systems for tracking aircraft formations
Vietnam-era logistical tracking system called LOGMARS (Logistics Applications of Automated Marking and Reading Symbols)
Cold War satellite reconnaissance imaging technology
Desert Storm GPS tracking systems for troop movements