Which controversial practice in retail personalization algorithms is known as 'dynamic pricing discrimination' and has faced legal challenges?

Retail personalization algorithms power the recommendations we see daily across shopping platforms. While they enhance customer experience by offering relevant products, they also raise important questions about privacy, manipulation, and consumer autonomy. This poll tests your knowledge about the sometimes controversial practices behind the personalized shopping experience we've come to expect.

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Charging different prices to different customers for identical products based on their browsing history, location data, and predicted willingness to pay
Creating artificial scarcity by showing 'Only 2 left!' notifications even when inventory levels are higher
Using facial recognition in stores to identify high-value customers and direct staff to prioritize them
Employing A/B testing on product descriptions to determine which emotional triggers lead to higher conversion rates