Which technological innovation first allowed presidential candidates to use 'microtargeting' to deliver highly personalized political messages to specific voter segments?

Throughout history, political campaigns have leveraged cutting-edge communication technologies to reach voters in new and innovative ways. From radio to television to social media, technological advancements have revolutionized how politicians connect with constituents. This trivia question focuses on a pivotal moment in political advertising that changed campaign strategies forever. Test your knowledge of political marketing history!

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Big data analytics and social media algorithms (2008-2012)
Cable television market segmentation (1992-1996)
Automated telephone polling systems (1980-1984)
Zip code-based direct mail campaigns (1976-1980)