Which linguistic breakthrough technology first allowed retail chatbots to understand contextual nuances in customer queries across multiple languages in 2018?

Retail chatbots have transformed customer service by incorporating sophisticated linguistic technology. Their evolution has been marked by significant breakthroughs in natural language processing, allowing for more human-like interactions. This trivia question focuses on a pivotal moment in retail chatbot development that changed how language models understand context and intent in customer queries.

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BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)
GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer)
LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) Networks
Word2Vec Embeddings