Which retailer first used the 'cluster approach' to international expansion, where they'd deeply saturate one geographic region before moving to adjacent markets?

Test your knowledge about innovative retail market expansion strategies that transformed how companies approach geographic distribution. Throughout retail history, certain brands have pioneered revolutionary approaches to entering new markets and adapting to local geographic needs. This poll explores a groundbreaking retail expansion technique that changed industry standards for global market penetration.

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IKEA, which perfected the strategy by establishing regional distribution hubs in the 1980s before expanding to surrounding countries
Walmart, which pioneered this approach when expanding from Arkansas to neighboring states in the 1960s
Carrefour, which developed this technique when expanding across European borders in the 1970s
Tesco, which created this strategy when entering Asian markets in the 1990s by focusing on country-specific clusters